Оценка загрязнения металлическими микроэлементами в горнодобывающем районе по переработке фосфатной руды Джебель Онк

ISSN 2307-2091(Print)     ISSN 2500-2414(Online)

 

 

B. Boumaza, T. V. Chekushina / News of the Ural State Mining University. 2021. Issue 1(61), pp. 7-16

https://doi.org/10.21440/2307-2091-2021-1-7-16

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Актуальность исследования. Добыча фосфатов является одним из основных источников загрязнения тяжелыми металлами, поскольку они наносят вред почве и приводят к деградации экосферы.
Цель исследования. Это исследование направлено на характеристику и оценку металлического загрязнения почв в окрестностях шахты Джебель Онк в городе Бир-эль-Атер (Вилайя Тебесса) на востоке Алжира, и, в частности, на оценку пространственной изменчивости этого загрязнения и степени загрязнения.
Методология. Физико-химическую характеристику (pH) определяли с помощью pH-метра, а для определения тяжелых металлов (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd) в исследуемой почве использовали ААS.
Результаты исследований. Результаты показывают, что почвы, расположенные близко к исследованному руднику, и даже те, что находятся далеко, сильно загрязнены тяжелыми металлами - свинцом (Pb), цинком (Zn), медью (Cu) и кадмием (Cd); результаты также указывают на высокую изменчивость концентраций не только между участками отбора проб, но и в пределах одного рудника. Анализируемый индекс загрязнения почв, как правило, высок даже для почв, отобранных ниже по течению более чем в 30 км от рудника, тогда как на поверхности хвостохранилищ он чрезвычайно высок, что подчеркивает тот факт, что хвостохранилища в их нынешнем состоянии считаются многолетними источниками загрязнения тяжелыми металлами. 
Вывод. Нездоровая зона, пораженная загрязнением металлами горнодобывающих предприятий в Джебель-Онк, очень велика в силу процессов рассеивания ветром и водным транспортом остаточных загрязнителей из отходов шахт, оставленных на участке. Необходимо принять восстановительные меры для иммобилизации загрязняющих веществ и ограничения их распространения в окружающей среде.

Ключевые слова: Загрязнение почвы, Алжир, тяжелые металлы, фосфатный рудник, индекс загрязнения.

 

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